Unit testing in Python is a type of software testing where individual units, or components, of your code, are tested separately to ensure that they function as expected. These building blocks can be functions, classes, or methods.

Why is unit-testing important?

The unit testing is important for the following scenario:

Early bug identification:
Unit tests allow you to catch errors early in development, making them easier and more affordable to fix.

Improved code quality:
Writing tests encourages you to think about edge cases and potential issues, resulting in well-structured code.

Facilitates refactoring:
Unit tests enable large-scale refactoring without the fear of breaking functionality.

Documentation:
Unit tests act as living documentation, demonstrating how the code is meant to be used.

**
How to do unit testing in Python:**
There are the following ways to do unit testing in Python:

Use the unittest module:
Python provides a built-in module called unittest for writing unit tests.

Create test cases:
A test case is a class that is a subclass of unittest.TestCase. Within this class, you define methods to test specific functionalities of your code.

Use assertions:
The UnitTest module includes built-in assertions to verify that the actual output matches the expected output.

Run your tests:
Tests can be executed using the UnitTest command-line interface or by running the test file directly.

Example
The below example illustrates how we can use the unit-testing in a code:

import unittest

def add(x, y):
    return x + y

class TestAddFunction(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_add_positive_numbers(self):
        result = add(2, 3)
        self.assertEqual(result, 5)

    def test_add_negative_numbers(self):
        result = add(-2, -3)
        self.assertEqual(result, -5)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Result

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 0 tests in 0.000s

OK

Unit test Framework in Python

The PyUnit framework, sometimes called the unit-test framework, is a unit-testing standard library module for Python. It offers extensive tools for creating and executing tests, automating the testing process, and finding software issues early in the development cycle. Unit tests support test automation, sharing test setup and shutdown code, grouping tests into collections, and the tests' independence from the reporting framework.

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